The tobacco growing

The tobacco belongs to the botanical species Nicotiana tabacum, belongs to the family from the Solanaceae, to be its strength of 24 chromosome pairs of chromosomes. It is believed that this species is a anfidiploide, that is a natural hybrid, originated from two other species of the same genre: Nicotiana tometosiformis and N. sylvestris.

The hybrid between two species would be sterile and would have been necessary to reproduce the doubling of their chromosomes. This could occur spontaneously in nature.

The plant of tobacco came to America from Europe, like potatoes or corn. After being condemned by the Inquisition, it became fashionable in the sixteenth century, first as an ornamental plant and then for medicinal and recreational use of its dried leaves.

The tobacco is a plant dicotiledónea and vivacious, which cut the regrowth. As a rule grown as an annual plant, although the climates of origin could take several years and may reach the stem up to two meters high.

- Leaves: are lanceolate, alternate, seated or petiolated.
- Flowers: hermaphrodites, often scheduled.
- Corolla: tube in the form of more or less swollen, completed by a blade with 5 lobes.
- Roots: the root system is pervasive, although most of the fine roots are on the horizon more fertile.
-Fruit: capsule coated by a persistent calyx, which opens at its apex by two valves BiFic.
-Seeds: they are numerous, small and teguments with reliefs of winding more or less pronounced.

The production process begins in the nursery snuff under two systems: 95% of plants with root ball and the remaining 5% with the traditional system to root desnuda. In both cases the planting begins the second week of September and ends in the third week of November. At six weeks, the plant reaches 15 cm and 5 mm in height, thickness to be ready to be transplanted.

In autumn it is advisable to give a thorough work with that aerates and softens the soil in which to transplant the tobacco in the following spring, the following aims: to provide the fertilizer, avoid the accumulation of moisture in the topsoil during the winter and weed and insect larvae.

In spring, recommends making a work of shallow harrow, followed by 2 or 3 passes with Crusaders surface, using fertilizers to mix with the surface of the earth.

In general the work of cultivation has three objectives: controlling weeds make up beds (for reducing water logged, leaching and reduce damage to roots) and finally to achieve a mullimiento that favors the penetration of water and air. In many cases it is necessary to form a ridge height and width, which will take place on the transplant, also favoring the mechanical harvesting.

The transplant is done with machines transplanted from two or more rows. The rapier of transplantation are covered with a soft material. The operator is placing a tray from the respective plants in the forceps in inverted position, with roots abroad, and the air toward the center of the disc. By rotating the disk, they are placed correctly and leaning slightly back into a groove that will open the machine to the front wheels to ensure that compressors are right.

These compressors are inclined wheels on both sides of the groove behind the wheel transplants done two roles, first compress the soil on the path that receives the plant, straightening and affirming the roots in the ground, helping also to the rise of capillary water And secondly cast loose soil in the vicinity of the plant, which facilitates the entry of air. An exit a drop of water poured into the place and time where the plant is placed.

The separation between the bands of fertilizer should be approximately 12 cm on each side of the line of plants and their depth to a few centimeters below the roots of the plants at transplanting.

The tobacco as plant growth and development of large short growth cycle is demanding both in water and in nutrients.

The plant tobacco comes in a vegetative state to contain 90% of its weight in water.
A deficiency in the supply of water needed for planting causes a drop in performance and fuel economy and a little coarse, and therefore of little value to the industry.
Too much water also disrupts the normal growth of plants, whose leaves have an over development of their nerviaciones and its thin fabric does not stand up well fermentation.
It has been shown that an abundant water intake reduces the protein nitrogen in the leaves and produces an increase in the potassium content decreases and the calcium and magnesium.

In general, it applied 4 to 6 risks after the root of irrigation. Since the risk of root to the next, should be left to spend about 15 to 20 days.
The sprinkler irrigation by improving water use, and some form sheets of tissue thinner and less proportion of veins that irrigated by furrows.